Turns out, Google will return a 405, method not allowed. read().ĭata = data.encode('utf-8') # data should be bytes Then we open the url with the request that we've built, which we call a response, since that's what we get with it. We make our request, adding in one more value, data, which is the encoded dictionary of keys and values, or better understood in this scenario as variables and their values. This is basically things like converting "spaces" to %20, for example. Values = Ībove, we're defining the variables that we plan to POST to the url we specify.įrom there, below, we're needing to first url encode all of the values. Let's show an example of requests with urllib:
There are multiple ways to pass values through like this, you can just hard-code them, or you can use urllib to do it. The first variable is denoted with a question mark, and all of the subsequent ones are denoted with the & sign. You can see them because of the equals sign. The other is POST, where you send data into the server, like you post some data, and you get a request based on the post. The natural method is a GET request, which means you make a request and you get data.
There are two methods of data transfer with urls, and they are GET and POST. Next, sometimes, we want to put in values, or GET/POST, from/to a URL. To do that, regular expressions become pretty useful, so we'll head there soon, after covering regex. We just want the text usually, so we need to get rid of all of the fluff. Our programs really just don't care what the website looks like. The problem is web pages use all sorts of HTML, CSS and javascript to make webpages appealing to the eye. Soon, we'll be using regular expressions to clean up the result. The result is a massive mess, but we did indeed read the source code. From there, we assign the opening of the url to a variable, where we can finally use a. Here is the first and easiest example of using urllib.
#Urllib2 python 3 install code#
Here is the sample code that accompanies the video: Programs are usually just interested in the data, and do not need to be served fancy HTML or CSS data, nor data for advertisements, etc.
Websites will also employ other tactics as well, but usually they are doing it because they also offer an API that is specifically made more programs to access. I would not recommend just blindly doing this, however, if a website is blocking you out. We can, however, modify this, and act as if we are a lowly Internet Explorer user, a Chrome user, or anything else really! This is where Python, by default, tells the website that you are visiting with Python's urllib and your Python version. Headers are bits of data that you share with servers to let them know a bit about you. To do this, you just need to modify the user-agent, which is a variable within your header that you send in. This can be annoying at first, but can be overcome with some simple code.
When they find out that a program is visiting them, they may sometimes choose to block you out, or serve you different data that a regular user might see. Some websites do not appreciate programs accessing their data and placing weight on their servers.
#Urllib2 python 3 install download#
Through urllib, you can access websites, download data, parse data, modify your headers, and do any GET and POST requests you might need to do. urllib in Python 3 is slightly different than urllib2 in Python 2, but they are mostly the same. This opens up as many doors for your programs as the internet opens up for you. The urllib module in Python 3 allows you access websites via your program.
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